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Luirei, Khayingshing
- Malpa Rockfalls of 18 August 1998 in the Northeastern Kumaun Himalaya
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, The Durham, Nainital 263 002, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, The Durham, Nainital 263 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 54, No 4 (1999), Pagination: 415-420Abstract
This paper presents the case history of Malpa rockfall of 18 August 1998, which has claimed a toll of 250 lives, including 60 pilgrims in transit camp, under the shadow of Malpa peak, 40 km north of Dharchula. The slope failure which caused the rockfall was aggravated by high angle of hillslope (78°), conducive conditions of bedrock, particularly enlarged joint space and proximity to the Main Central Thrust (MCT), which has been affected by neotectonic movements in the recent past. High frequency of discontinuities have severely deteriorated the stability of hillslopes and their safety factor 'F' has been reduced to 0.114. The rockfall vector shows a close parallelism with the geometrically determined wedge failure responsible for rockfalls.
The rockfall occurred in the metaquartzites of Pandukeshwar Formation of Vaikrata Group. Freezing and thawing due to snow and swelling action of rainwater had built up shearing stresses to a level that exceeded the shearing resistance of the slope, forming weathered metaquartzites along with interbedded sericite quartzite and a thin veneer of regolith along most vulnerable and weakest surface. Massive rockfall took place following incessant rains and cloud burst which widened the enlarged joints, particularly the joint pattern in the N45°W/80° SE direction including NW-SE trending bedrock. A number of trees and dead bodies were washed away due to the bursting of the debris dam across Malipa Gad and Kali river affecting nearly two sq. km area at Malpa.
Keywords
Geomorphology, Neotectonics, Rockfall, Kumaun Himalaya.
- Ground Tilting in Likhabali Area along the Frontal Part of Arunachal Himalaya: Evidence of Neotectonics
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 71, No 6 (2008), Pagination: 780-786Abstract
Present study along frontal part of the Sub-Himalayan tenam suggests neotectonic activities along thrusts and faults. Neotectonics is evident from geomorphic features such as development of terraces, stream incision, preferred stream migration and the thrusting of the Siwalik rocks over the Quaternary deposits. Southward Himalayan foreland propagation thrusting has resulted in ground tilting in the frontal part of the Himalaya and has led the streams to migrate towards Southwest. On the other hand the stream in the Sub-Himalayan terrain flows parallel to the trend of the Arunachal Himalaya, and has migrated southward. The calculated mountain front smuosity index reflects relative tectonic activity in the mountain front Thrusts and taults have controlled the drainage channels of major streams. Recent seismic activities have triggered massive landslides, which blocked the streams temporarily.Keywords
Neotectonics, Drainage-Basin Asymmetry, Ground Tilting, Stieam Incision, Mountain Front Smuosity, Terrace, Arunachal Himalaya.- Geomorphic Imprints of Neotectonic Activity along the Frontal Part of Eastern Himalaya, Basighat, East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 71, No 4 (2008), Pagination: 502-512Abstract
Geomorphology in relation with tectonics has been studied along the Himalayan frontal part around Pasighat, Eastern Himalaya Arunachal Pradesh Squeezed between Main Boundary Thrust and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), the morphology of the area indicates significant influence by tectonic processes. The streams including the Siang River show anomalous drainage patterns whenever they cross the lineaments. Mountain front sinuosity index, and development of deeply incised narrow valleys along the front zone indicate recent tectonic movement along the HFT. Four levels of terraces are observed In the Pasighat area. Terraces show crude stratification of their constituents. Three levels of unpaired terraces are observed in Roing-Balek area. Paleochannel reconstruction suggests a gradual eastward migration of the Siang River, which shows a swing in its flow direction from N-S to present NW-SE. Drainage basin asymmetry vectors, calculated from transverse topographic profiles of two segments, suggest preferred stream migration towards northeast and southeast direction in response to northeastward and southwestward ground tilting.Keywords
Morphotectonic, Fluvial Terraces, Transverse Topographic Basin Symmetry, Mountain Front Sinuosity, Eastern Himalaya.- Slope Failures in the Main Boundary Thrust Zone along Siang Valley between Pasighat and Rengging, East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 69, No 4 (2007), Pagination: 858-862Abstract
The low lying hilly terrain between Pasighat and Rengging along Siang Valley in Arunachal Himalaya has been affected by various types of slope failures. This region receives heavy rainfall during prolonged rainy season from May to August, when most of the failure takes. To address this problem wedge failure analysis has been carried out for various types of the rocks to determine the potential mode of failure. Wedge analysis shows that sandstones of Siwalik Group have three to four wedges while quartzites and sandstones of Miri Formation and Gondwana rocks have three and four wedges respectively. The rocks of Main Boundary Thrust zone are highly crushed and fractured with extensive development of slickenside. Deep cut erosion by small tributaries and Siang River has made the steep slopes more vulnerable to mass movement. The main slope failures are rock fall, debris fall, sliding and complex landslides.Keywords
Slope Failures, MBT, Wedge Failure, East Siang, Arunachal Himalaya.- Soft Sediment Deformational Structures in the Lacustrine Deposits of Ziro Valley, Lesser Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, NE Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, NE Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 70, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 73-78Abstract
Soft sediment deformational structures of various types are preserved in the lacustrine deposits at Soro village of Ziro valley, Lesser Himalaya, Amnachal Pradesh. The structures that have been observed include sand dykes, flame structures, load casts, micro-folds, convolute and other complex structures. The affected sediments are predominantIy loosely packed cohesionless sands and silts due to change of state from grain supported to fluid supported matrix by application of external force; and are enclosed between two undeforrned layers. Earthquake induced liquefaction is proposed for the formation of such structures taking into consideration the geodynamic conditions of the region.Keywords
Soft Sediment deformational structures, Lacustrine deposits, Seismites, Liquefaction, Ziro valley, Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya.- Geomorphological and Geological Investigation of Neotectonic Activity of Saryu River Fault (SRF), a Part of North Almora Thrust (NAT) in Seraghat-Basoli Area in Central Kumaun, Uttaranchal
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, ltanagar - 791 113, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, ltanagar - 791 113, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 70, No 5 (2007), Pagination: 815-823Abstract
Significant evidences of neotectonic activity have been observed in Seraghat-Basoli area along the Saryu river valley in the Central Kurnaun Lesser Himalaya. The geomorphic and structural features indicate that the Saryu River Fault (SRF) in the area has displaced North Almora Thrust(NAT) and is still active. The tectonic rejuvenation of the NAT and SRF has resulted in the development and deformation of tectonic landforms such as unpaired terraces, tectonic flats, fault scarps and triangular cones and facets. The strike slip movement along the SRF fault has resulted not only straightening of the Saryu river course but the course has also been shifted from NW-SE to almost N-S direction, particularly between Naichan and Seri. The uplift of fluvial terraces by 44 mat Nali and deposition of almost 3 5 m thick siltymud and silt the beginning of the deposition of levee flood plain at Ara suggests that the area is tectonically active Shifting river courses, stretching and straightening of river channels and the levee flood plain depositional environment indicate that the neotectonic activity in controlling this domain of NAT.Keywords
North Almora Thrust, Saryu River Fault, Neotectonics, Kumaun Himalaya, Uttaranchal.- Geomorphic Evidences of Neotectonic Movements in Dharchula Area, Northeast Kumaun: A Perspective of the Recent Tectonic Activity
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital- 263 002, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital- 263 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 67, No 1 (2006), Pagination: 92-100Abstract
The northeastern Kumaun part of Kumaun Lesser Himalaya is seismotectonically one of the most active segments of the Central Himalaya. The major as well as minor thrusts and faults in Dharchula and its environs are neotectonically quite active and as such their movements have made this region vulnerable to landslides. Dharchula and its environs have been affected by number of earthquakes. The recent tectonic movements along these thrusts and faults are expressed in the geomorphic rejuvenation of the terrain such as entrenched meandering, river courses characterized by deep gorges, unusual widening of the river valleys, formation of the palaeolakes, deflection of rivers, and offsetting of the river terraces. Abrupt deflection of Kali river course from general flowage i.e. NNE-SSW to E-W is observed, which reflect the rejuvenated movements of the faults. Reactivation of the fault has resulted in the formation of six levels of terraces in Gathibagar. Relicts of lacustrine deposits formed due to abrupt changes in the drainage regime are also observed along Jauljibi-Dharchula section.Keywords
Neotectonics, Episodic Uplift, Seismotectonics, Terraces, Northeastern Kumaun, Uttaranchal.- Amiya Landslide in the Catchment of Gaula River, Southern Kumaun, Uttaranchal
Abstract Views :201 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Eastern Unit, Itanagar. Arunachal Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Eastern Unit, Itanagar. Arunachal Pradesh, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 65, No 3 (2005), Pagination: 291-295Abstract
The southern hills of Kumaun in [he proximity of the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) are prone to recurrent landslides. The slope failures are related to steeper angle of hillslope, extent and type of vegetation. structural condition of bedrock, and neotectonism of the MBT. This paper presents the case history of the Amiya landslide of I I July 1999, which has claimed 22 lives. including 2 persons in a place 20 km northeast of Kathgodarn in Kumaun. The slope failure was related to structural conditions of bedrock, particularly five sets of joint spacing and the proximity to the MBT, which has been affected by neotectonic movements In the recent past. The large number of structures a discontinuities have diminishethde stability of the Siwalik hill slopes, reducing the safety factor to 0.412. The landslip vector has a close parallel ism with the geometrically determined wedge failures responsible for the landslide.Keywords
Landslide Study, Gaula River Catchment, Southern Kumaun, Uttaranchal.- Landslides along Frontal Part of Eastern Himalaya in East Siang and Lower Dibang Districts, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Abstract Views :208 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 71, No 3 (2008), Pagination: 321-330Abstract
Eastern Himalayan foothills particularly between Siang and Dibang Rivers are prone to landslides. The causative factors of landslides are steep slopes, presence of major structural discontinuities, multiple joint sets, drainage density, weathered to soft nature of rocks and heavy rainfall. Most of the landslides are taking place in steep to very steep slopes. Fault gouges and brecciated rocks developed along the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) zone have also facilitated the initiation of many landslides. Wedge analyses for sandstones and quartzites have also been carried out to determine their influence on the slope stability and potential failure. The area is also susceptible to high rate of erosion due to structurally controlled streams and gullies resulting in profuse development of fans along the foothills. Seismic condition of the region is also a major concern for the slope stability. Landslides debris usually chokes the streams, destroy the bridges, subways and roads and affect cultivated lands particularly along the mountain front. Neotectonic activity along the MBT has resulted in the development of young and steep hill-slopes, which are prone to landslides.Keywords
Landslides, Wedge Failure, Slopes, Arunachal Himalaya.- Landslides and Neotectonic Activities in the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) Zone: Southeastern Kumaun, Uttarakhand
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Institute of Seismological Research, Raisan - 382 009, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, IN
3 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, IN
1 Institute of Seismological Research, Raisan - 382 009, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, IN
3 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 80, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 101-110Abstract
Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) zone is constituted of some of the landslide prone areas in southeastern part of Kumaun Sub-Himalaya. Role of landslides as natural hazard and hill slope modifying agent is well documented from various part of Himalayan region and southern hills of Kumaun particularly in the MBT zone, which are susceptible to various type of mass movement. The rocks making up the slopes has been put to a number of brittle deformation phases during the movement along the MBT, and are traversed by number of joint sets. In the open slope these intersecting joint sets forms wedges and are the most favorable site for initiation of rockfalls and other types of landslides. Landslides are taking place primarily due to high angle slopes, formation of structural wedges along the free steep slopes, sheared nature of the rocks due to proximity to the MBT and neotectonic activities along the MBT and other transverse faults. Wedge failure is a common type of landslides in rock slopes characterized by multiple joints and acts as sliding planes for the failed blocks. Field observations and wedge failure analysis indicates most of the landslides taking place in MBT zone of Kumaun Sub-Himalaya are joint controlled. Safety Factor analysis suggests MBT zone of Kumaun Sub-Himalayan region is prone to landslides and related mass movements. This zone is also neotectonically active as indicated by various geomorphic signatures such as structurally controlled drainage pattern, offsetting of fan by MBT and formation of number of small lakes.Keywords
Landslide, Wedge Failure, Friction Angle, Safety Factor, Siwalik Kumaun Sub-Himalaya, Uttarakhand.References
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